Organelles are small structures, which perform specific functions in a cell. They are embedded within the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Organelles are analogous to the internal organs of the body. They are specialized and carry out functions that allow cells to function normally like generating energy for cells and controlling the growth as well as reproduction of cells. Fundamental processes like cell respiration and photosynthesis also take place in the organelles. Some examples of the organelles found in animal and plant cells include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, lysosomes, chloroplast and vacuoles.
Genetic engineering makes it possible to modify organelles. Through genetic engineering, researchers are able to change the structure of the genes. This purposeful modification involves direct manipulation of the genetic profiles of organisms. The cells that have a genetically engineered organelle function differently. One or more traits that were not present in the organism can be identified.
Cells have several copies of organelles and they contain their own DNA. Once foreign genes or artificial chromosomes are inserted into organelles, the cells multiply them. This leads to the creation of new cells that have many copies of the inserted genes. At times the plant cells can increase the copies of the organelles. Consequently, genetically engineered cells are able to secure a number of copies of the DNA, which has been inserted. This leads to increased level of expression of the engineered genes.
Genetic engineering, particularly that of plant chloroplasts is beneficial. One benefit if that the level of productivity in plants that have undergone this process increases. Farmers can therefore produce more food cost effectively. If food is cheap, then it would be easier to feed people worldwide.
Another essential promise for genetically engineered organelles for the biotech industry is that the foreign DNA can be passed to the next generation. The organelles are transferred through maternal inheritance as matching copies. Female animals transfer matching copies to their offspring and plants to all the seeds they produce, without changes. This can ensure the stability of genetically engineered traits from one generation to the other.
Plants and animals can also be modified through genetic engineering. They can be modified so that they mature faster. Genetic engineering can also enable plants to grow and mature even if the growing conditions are unfavorable.
Genetic modification also helps to create resistance to typical forms of organism death. For instance, it is possible to include pest resistance to the genetic profiles of plants so that they may mature as crops without further additives. The genetic profiles of animals can also be modified to mitigate the risks of common health concerns which can affect the species or breed.
Genetic modification of organelles also enables researchers to create specific characteristics in plants and animals, making them better for use or eating. For instance, genetic modification can make animals produce more milk or have more muscle tissue. Through genetic engineering, researchers can also create new products by bringing different profiles together. An example is modifying the genetic profile of potato plants so that the nutrients per kilo calorie in potatoes will be higher.
Genetic engineering makes it possible to modify organelles. Through genetic engineering, researchers are able to change the structure of the genes. This purposeful modification involves direct manipulation of the genetic profiles of organisms. The cells that have a genetically engineered organelle function differently. One or more traits that were not present in the organism can be identified.
Cells have several copies of organelles and they contain their own DNA. Once foreign genes or artificial chromosomes are inserted into organelles, the cells multiply them. This leads to the creation of new cells that have many copies of the inserted genes. At times the plant cells can increase the copies of the organelles. Consequently, genetically engineered cells are able to secure a number of copies of the DNA, which has been inserted. This leads to increased level of expression of the engineered genes.
Genetic engineering, particularly that of plant chloroplasts is beneficial. One benefit if that the level of productivity in plants that have undergone this process increases. Farmers can therefore produce more food cost effectively. If food is cheap, then it would be easier to feed people worldwide.
Another essential promise for genetically engineered organelles for the biotech industry is that the foreign DNA can be passed to the next generation. The organelles are transferred through maternal inheritance as matching copies. Female animals transfer matching copies to their offspring and plants to all the seeds they produce, without changes. This can ensure the stability of genetically engineered traits from one generation to the other.
Plants and animals can also be modified through genetic engineering. They can be modified so that they mature faster. Genetic engineering can also enable plants to grow and mature even if the growing conditions are unfavorable.
Genetic modification also helps to create resistance to typical forms of organism death. For instance, it is possible to include pest resistance to the genetic profiles of plants so that they may mature as crops without further additives. The genetic profiles of animals can also be modified to mitigate the risks of common health concerns which can affect the species or breed.
Genetic modification of organelles also enables researchers to create specific characteristics in plants and animals, making them better for use or eating. For instance, genetic modification can make animals produce more milk or have more muscle tissue. Through genetic engineering, researchers can also create new products by bringing different profiles together. An example is modifying the genetic profile of potato plants so that the nutrients per kilo calorie in potatoes will be higher.
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